Energy Systems

There is only a limited store of ATP - PC in each person. ATP - PC breaks down into smaller things and there is a chemical reaction. ATP - PC can only work for activities that last 10 seconds or less so for example 100 metre sprinters would rely on this eneergy source and so would long jumpers. In ATP - PC the C is creatine, creatine can be found in foods and when we eat foods its like a charger. We did an investigation in the gym where we did the leg press weights (where

we had to try and lift the heaviest weight that we could), push ups and pull ups; the reason why we did these exercises was because they are activities where we use short and quick bursts of energy.

Glucose is sugar and glucose can be found in our muscles. The chemical reaction is Glycolysis; in this process the glucose is broken down and it frees up the molecules ( PC ) and this allows the ATP - PC system to take place again. The by product is the lactic acid and this is a bad thing. The Glycolysis process takes 40 - 60 seconds to take place. The lactic acid cause the muscles to hurt and it causes people to fatigue.This Energy system is used in activities such as the 400 metres.

Stage 1

The first stage is called Aerobic Glocolysis; this is when oxygen is mixed with lactic acid and when this

happens both energy and more lactic acid is produces. The energy produced is 2 ATP.

Stage 2

The second stage is called the kreb cycle. It acts like a washing machine and it makes lots of chemical reactions occur. In the kreb cycle we produce Carbon and Hydrogen as by products. We also produce 2 ATP souces of energy.

Stage 3

The last stage is the Electron Transports Chain. Hydrogen is passed through a chain and through out this chain 34 ATP are produced. To use this energy system we need to make sure we work at the 80% work rate - if we go above 80% we start to use the 1st and 2nd energy system and that will cause us to build up too much lactic acid. When this happens is causes us to have oxygen debt.

Long Term Effects Of Exercise

The  Long Term effects of exercise on our Cardio-Vascular System...

As we do more exercise our hearts increase in size and it becomes bigger and stronger. Due to this happening our heart can pump out more blood as its size has increased and as more blood is being pumped within fewer beats that usual our heart rate decreases because the same amount of blood can be pumped out with fewer beats as it was being pumped our when the heart size was smaller and beating more times.

The Long Term effects of exercise on the Respiratory System...

Initially our lungs are a certain size due to the size of the muscles that are located in between the ribs in our rib cage, however as time goes on and we do exercise we can strengthen these muscles and make them bigger. The effect of us doing this is massive and very positive because we give our lungs (that are behind our rib cage) more space to increase in size. If our lungs increase in size our lung capacity will increase and our breathing rate will decrease; the reason for a decrease in our breathing rate is that our lungs will increase in size and they can supply  just as much oxygen with a large lung that they can with more pumps of a smaller lung.

The Long Term effects of exercise on the
musculoskeletal System...

Muscles; With exercise, the weight or stress you’ve induced to the muscles creates resistance and contraction. These contractions enable the muscles to get significantly bigger, not only do they increase in size they get stronger aswell.

Bones; The long term effects of exercise on the skeletal system are also very interesting. Within doing exercise over time there is a buildup of calcium salts causing the bone to harden. Knowing this fact I understand that putting more pressure on my bones (through doing exercise ) helps in developing stronger bone tissues. For this reason I  can justify why people who do physical activities, especially athletes, don’t easily injured very easily. That also shows why people that aren't active have weaker bones, making them susceptible to all sorts of physical injuries.

Ligaments; Ligaments are strong bits of tissues that attach bones to each other. They are made up of collagen fibers that give them their strength. They usually support a joint to provide additional strength and stability when they move. Doing lots of exercise helps them maintain their power and durability.

The Cartilage; Cartilage is a tissue that forms a cap at the ends of the bones. It acts like a shock absorber by providing support by protecting the bones against weight bearing actions. Over time the cartilage will become thicker but if someone is inactive it will become thinner and bone-on-bone collisions will occur and thats why so many elderly people end up being wheelchair-bound.

Tendons; Tendons form at the ends of the muscles which and they hold the muscles to the bones. some of  the properties of a tendon are that the fibers in tendons are very long and strong and this is good because they can handel immense forces without damaging themselves. Tendons are most commonly compared to springs; they are compared to springs because they are strong, they can stretch and expand, and they can recoil. The stretching and recoil properties they both share suggests the transmission of force produced by muscles to the bones. Does exercise can make them stronger so they can handle more pressure and this will prevent them from becoming injured.


Joints; Joints hold bones together and that allow them to move with flexibility. The degree of joint movement is called range of motion. Doing exercises where you do different types of movement will enhance the degree your joints can move without any discomfort.

Respiratory System

Today my group was investigating our respiritory system and we did tis by taking our breathing rate before and after playing a game of uktimate frisbee. The way we recorded our breathing rate was by counting the amounts of breaths that we took for 10 seconds and  then we timesed the amount of breathes we took by 6; the reason for us timesing it by 6 was so that the time we recorded it would be equal to a minute.
In between the two times that we recorded our breathing rates we played a game of ultimate frisbee, Playing ultimately frisbee was so that we could see the diference between a resting breathing rate and a breathing rate after someone has played a game or taken part in activity. We found out that our breathing rate goes up and this is because for us to be able to move we rely on our muscles and our muscles rely on oxygen for them to be able to work, as we were working our muscles at a high intensity our muscles needed more oxygen. Our lungs are under loads of pressure because of them having to supply parts of the body with oxygen; the reason for us breathing more is because our lungs act like a hoover and they such air through our mouths so the process of them supply oxygen for the body can continue.

Sit&Reach Test

for every muscle there is an opposite muscle, they retract and expand in order to let us to exercise, there are hinge joints ( for example an elbow) ball and socket joints (shoulder) .. joints in the body are similar to other ones; for example the shoulder and hip are the same, elbow and knee are the same, wrist and ankle are the same. Muscles in our bodies are in pairs... our arm pairs are our bisceps & triceps, leg muscles are quadriceps and hamstrings, stomach is our abdominal and back.

Today we did the sit&reach test and that worked on the hip joint. We did this test to by doing the sit and reach test and then having a go on the trampoline; after this we did the test again. We did this to see the difference between our flexibility before and after exercise. When you exercise your muscles tire because the friction from the tiny fibres rubbing against each other causes aches, protein helps repair muscle tears after exercise. if the muscles stretches too much there will be a tear so that's why we warm up before doing exercise. muscles are connected to bones by via tendons. 

The good source of fibre comes from white meat... 

red meat = animals that hardly move such as cows and sheep
white = animals that move around more such as chickens 

Another good source of this could be found in protein shakes

The effects of people using steroids is that whereas someone that isn't on steroids would generally have ea limit to the amount of exercise they do because they get tired and their body starts aching, someone that's on steroids would be able to go on for longer without stopping due to the tears in the muscles and the steroids. 

After we did the sit and reach test we only measures our flexibility because its impossible to measure the tears in our muscles muscles.

We realised that we didn't want our ligaments to be flexible and we only want them to be heated a bit so they can give way a bit more and increase our flexibilty, this was the same for our tendons; we warm our tendons and ligaments up by doing a warm up.
A carlidge is a soft spongey tissue that acts as a shock absorber so there is no bone-on-bone collisions and no damage; this is on the end of our bones
Our synovial fluid  acts like an oil that allows joints to move easier and be more flexible. 

Ultimately exercise should make an increase if everything to do with our body such and muscles warming up, flexibility and stamina

As flexibly increases more tears will occur in the muscles

If a muscle isn't used for a long time the muscles will waste away and the person could end up clinically obese or even in a wheel chair because they dont have enough strength to hold their own body weight.

Before we did the trampoline session my sit and reach result was 30cm however after we did the session is was 34cm.

Small Groups

Today my class set fitness tests for each others small groups of 4 and my group were set a test where we had to do 'king of the ring'. The reason for us setting tasks for each other was for us to see how fit we are by recording our heart beats before the game (our resting heart rate). During the game and after the game. We realised that our heart rate changes rapidly as we do exercise because our heart needs to supply even more blood and oxygen compared to usual because our muscles need more of both of them because they are working harder.
We didn't have the right table so we were only able to take results from before and after we did the results. My results were..

Before; 108

After; 128

We also did a smiliar test within my b-tec sport group and my group were playing ultimate frisbee we measured our resting heart rate, our after warm up heart rate and out after activity heart rate.
My results were..

My RBR Was = 33

After warm up = 30

After activity = 24

My heart rate went down during and after I did my activity because I was playing in a position on the pitch where I was getting in a good posistion and staying there so I could get my team points while being quite relexed and standing still. Generally peoples heart rates go up depending on their position because they would put more work into the exercise and run around a bit more instead of staying still and waiting; if I was to be doing another activity where everyone had to run around constantly and if it was a more high intense sport I would of seen my heart rate go up.

Today we took our blood pressure tests while we were resting and we did this by wrapping the cuff around one of our class mates arms (with the art - artery) lining up with the persons elbow. After this each person did some excersise for a minute (I did star jumps) and then we did a blood pressure test again.
My results were..

Before;129 (systolic) 62 (pulse pressure) 167 (diastolic)

After; 142  (systolic) 65 (pulse pressure) 82 (diastolic)

The reason for peoples heart rates increasing is because the body needs oxygen and blood to be pumped around; heart needs to pump blood and oxygen around the vessels and muscles; this is because the muscles are working harder and they need more. Peoples blood pressure increases because the heart acts like a pump and because the heart has mrore blood in it and it needs to pump it around the blood so it is therfore under much more pressure than usual. We breathe in Oxygen and release Carbon dioxide because of a chemical reaction that happens inside the human body.